Exploiting an Antivirus Interface

Traditional signature-based malware detectors identify malware by scanning untrusted binaries for distinguishing byte sequences or features. Features unique to malware are maintained in a signature database, which must be continually updated as new malware is discovered and analyzed. Signature-based malware detection generally enforces a static approximation of some desired dynamic (i.e., behavioral) security policy.


For example, access control policies, such as those that prohibit code injections into operating system executables, are statically undecidable and can therefore only be approximated by any purely static decision procedure such as signature-matching.

A signature-based malware-detector approximates these policies by identifying syntactic features that tend to appear only in binaries that exhibit policy-violating behavior when  executed.   

This  approximation  is  both  unsound  and  incomplete  in  that it is susceptible to both false positive and false negative classifications of some binaries.   

For  this  reason  signature  databases  are  typically  kept  confidential,since they contain information that an attacker could use to craft malware that he detector would mis-classify as benign, defeating the protection system.  The effectiveness  of  signature-based  malware  detection  thus  depends  on  both  the comprehensiveness and confidentiality of the signature database.

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